proper rational fraction is one that can be expressed as
the ratio of two
integers, p and q, where p
is
not greater than q. Rational fractions
are expressible as
infinitely repeated pattern of decimal ciphers, each of
which may be considered
to be an integer divided by some power of ten.
Let the repeating pattern be
represented by the symbol
s having a length of n
decimal digits. We reason
as follows:
-
p / q = 0.sss...ad
infinitum,
from which we write
-
p / q = s
/ 10n
+ s / 102n
+ s / 103n +...
ad
infinitum
Sophisticated solvers are delighted with
an unending series
like this, for they will proceed to perform a set of
operations that lead
to a self-referent
expression.
Thus, by multiplying both sides of the equation by 10n,
we get...
-
10n p / q
= s + s / 10n
+ s / 102n
+ s / 103n
+... ad infinitum,
-
wherein the expression s
/ 10n
+ s / 102n
+ s / 103n+...
ad
infinitum
-
can be replaced by p / q with
no loss in accuracy
to
produce...
- 10n p / q
= s + p / q and all
that ad infinitum business
goes away. Thus...
-
(10n
-
1 ) ( p / q
) = s, which can be rearranged to
read...
-
p = s q / (10n
-
1), where 10n - 1 =
999...9
(an integer comprising n 9s).
Since p, q, and s
are all integers,
it is apparent that the product of s and
q
must
be divisible by 10n - 1;
however, s would be given -- not under
our control -- and
s
may or may not be divisible by 10n -
1. In this puzzle, s = 645732, n
= 6, and
645732/999999 is
definitely not an integer, so we need q to
help out here.
ou
surely noticed that if q = 999999,
the conditions are satisfied
no matter what the value of s may
be, since q
carries the entire burden of divisibility. The
previous sentence deserves
an exclamation point, for we have discovered a
general solution for all
Repeating
Decimal Decimals. Thus, for q =
999999, p = s. That solution
always exists. Almost
always.
But then you
might have also noticed
that, since 645732 happens to
be divisible by 3,
we can let q = 333333, and the
conditions are satisfied,
making p = 215244, which gives us a
second solution to the
puzzle. What about q = 111111? That
works too, in this case,
since 645732 also happens to be divisible
by 9, giving us
a value of p = 71748.
Accordingly,
there are three solutions
to our original puzzle.
645732 / 999999
|
=
|
0.645732645732645732...
|
215244 / 333333
|
=
|
0.645732645732645732...
|
71748 / 111111
|
=
|
0.645732645732645732...
|
Anomaly
Things
are not quite perfect
in the land of Repeating
Decimal Decimals.
There is one pattern of digits s which
cannot be generated
as an unending sequence by the ratio of two finite
integers p / q,
where q is not less than p.
Can you find it?
{Return}
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