by Paul Niquette |
-- 101 Words I Don't Use or those who care to know how this entry came about: I was merely trying to figure out what figure of speech might apply to an extraordinary passage that arose spontaneously in a dream. The label that works as well as any is antimetabole -- Figure of emphasis in which the words in one phrase or clause are replicated, exactly or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause; an inverted order of repeated words in adjacent phrases or clauses (A-B, B-A). Certainly better than antithesis in the list below, don't you think? Amazing that people have put so much effort into naming Figures of Speech. To my astonishment, the puzzle version of Figures of Speech gets hundreds of visitors year after year, possibly high-schoolers with nightmare assignments. |
accumulatio
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Repetition in
other words:
Come here, draw near, get close, sit in back and you
will flunk.
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anadiplosis
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Repetition of
an end at the next
beginning: "When you lie, lie from the heart."
(Rally Round the
Flag, Boys by Max Schulman)
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anaphora
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Repetition of
beginnings: Big
deal! Big deal! Big frigging deal!
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anapodoton
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Omission of a
clause: That
just goes to show you.
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anastrophe
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Arrangement by
reversal of order:
Fly the flight fantastic.
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antanclasis
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Repetition in
different senses:
He had come and gone, for he was far gone.
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anthimeria
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Substitution
of one part of speech
for another: Her husband's drink was drunk and
so was her husband.
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antiptosis
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Substitution
of a prepositional
phrase for an adjective: pillar of salt; place
of hope; blue of the
sky
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antisthecon
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Substitution
of letter(s):
jist a dang minit; glimorous blond beauty; thar she
blows.
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antithesis
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Repetition by
negation: You
are a real man when you raise a child not when you
make a baby.
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aphaersis
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Omission of
letter(s) at the beginning:
'nough said, "My country 'tis of thee."
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apocope
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Omission of
letter(s) from the
end: D'ja eat? No, d'jew? "Wha's up?"
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aporia
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Talking about
not being able to
talk about: "I don't want to criticise,
but..."
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aposiopesis
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Breaking off
as if unable or unwilling
to continue: "Oh, the humanity...!"
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asyndeton
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Omission of a
conjunction:
"I am firm, thou art obstinate, he is a pig-headed
fool."
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asterismos
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Addition of a
word to emphasize
what follows: "Eureka, I've found it!" Nota
bene, the
Law of Unintended Consequences has prevailed.
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auxesis
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Arrangement in
ascending importance:
"There may be dozens, no hundreds, probably thousands
of fair damsels
in distress!" (Alligator in Pogo by Walt
Kelly)
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brachylogia
|
Omission of a
conjunction between
words or phrases: The battlefield was strewn
with death, destruction,
unexploded ordnance.
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catachresis
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Apparent
inappropriate substitution
of one word for another: frowning posture;
giggling eyebrows; laughing
shoes; "This is not rocket surgery, here."
|
diacope
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Repetition
with only a word or
two between: Explosions, gut-wrenching
explosions began at dawn.
|
ellipsis
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Omission of a
phrase: When
anything is considered art, nothing is.
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enallage
|
Substitution
of one grammatical
form for another, an effective grammatical mistake:
Who done it?
"I can't get no satisfaction." Technology: If
you don't got it, you
gotta get it or you get got by it.
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enthymene
|
Omission of a
logically implied
clause: Rich is sagacious because Rich is
rich.
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epanados
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Repetition in
the opposite order:
In economics, causes precede effects and effects
precede causes.
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epanalepsis
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Repetition of
the beginning at
the end: The obvious is not always obvious.
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epanorthosis
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Addition by
correction: I am
losing, indeed I have lost.
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epenthesis
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Addition of
letter(s) to the middle:
fandamntastic; absobloominlutely;
enterboringtainment.
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epistrophe
|
Repetition of
ends: The hemlines
go higher, the heels go higher, the prices go
higher.
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epizeuxis
|
Immediate
repetition: Get out,
get out at once.
|
gradatio
|
Repeated
anadiplosis: Demand
accelerates, products become scarce, currencies
dwindle in value, wages
stagnate, quality of life worsens, people despair.
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hendiadys
|
Substitution
of a conjunction as
a modifier: "bright colors" becomes "bright
and colorful"
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hypallage
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Reversal which
seems to change
the sense: "flowers of the valley" becomes
"the valley of flowers."
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hyperbaton
|
Misplacement
of a single element:
She slapped his face twice across. The pilot
rocked his wings, grinning.
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hysteron-proteron
|
Reversal of
temporal order:
Take a bow and give your best performance.
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isocolon
|
Repetition of
grammatical forms:
The bigger they are, the slower they pay.
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metaplasmus
|
Effective
misspelling: dog
nab it; sects in churches (groan)
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metanymy
|
Substitution
of a word for a related
word such as cause for effect: "Beauty is in the
eye of the beholder."
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paradiastole
|
Addition of a
disjunctive conjunction:
No data, no experimental protocols nor hypothesis
for testing, nor logic
will assure the proper disposition of fallacies.
|
periphrasis
|
Substitution
of more words for
less: I gave you a gift free and clear to keep
for your very own.
|
pleonasm
|
Addition of
superfluous words:
"Do not fold, spindle, or mutilate." "I was not
involved in any way, shape,
or form." "Tampering with, disabling, or
destroying a smoke detector
in the lavatory is prohibited by law."
|
ploce
|
Repetition of
a word in a general
and restricted sense: bigger than big; darker
than dark; more savvy
than smart.
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polyptoton
|
Repetition of
the same word or
root in different grammatical function: She
does not know what there
is to be known.
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polysyndeton
|
Addition of
conjunctions: The
mainsail jibed and whipped and tore loose from the
mast.
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praeteritio
|
Inclusion of
something by pretending
to omit it: The president does not impugne the
political trickery of
those who support his opponent.
|
proparalepsis
|
Addition of
letter(s) to the end:
elegancelessness; goblinesque; obviosity;
smithereendom, disdainish.
|
prosthesis
|
Addition of
letter(s) to the beginning:
enfilth, kersplashed, gazillion, propushed
|
repetitio
|
Irregular
repetition of a word
or phrase: Streak upon streak, the effluvia
streaked and got streaked.
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scesis onamaton
|
Omission of
the only verb of a
sentence: Best not in this setting.
Later, alligator. "A crown
to drink!" (A Tale of Two Cities by Charles
Dickens)
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syllepsis
|
Omission
entailing a pun: Marriage
brought out the best in that woman, chastity.
|
synaloepha
|
Omission of a
vowel and arrangement
of two words into one: That'll sure dampen
your drawstrings. "Lower'n
a snake's belly in a wagon-wheel rut."
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synecdoche
|
Substitution
of the part for a
whole: Lust in the eye trumps righteousness in
the soul.
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tmesis
|
Arrangement of
one word into two:
dis courage; em phasis; anti body; poly math
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zeugma
|
Ellipsis of a
verb from one of
two parallel clauses: "The business man left
in high spirits and a
Cadillac"; "To err is human; to forgive, divine."
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The illustrative examples above that are
of low literary
merit can be blamed on their originator, me. The
rest are remembered
snippets from forgotten sources.
compendium of
venerable quotations from Shakespeare,
The
Bible and others can be found in Figures of
Speech: 60 ways to turn
a phrase (Gibbs M. Smith Inc. Salt Lake City
1982, long out of print)
in the preface of which the late Arthur Quinn
described them as follows:
"They are there -- must I confess? -- for imitation."
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